How does DNA replication differ from transcription?

The process of DNA replication is fundamentally different from transcription in its function and outcome. During DNA replication, the entire DNA molecule is duplicated, resulting in two identical double-stranded DNA molecules, each containing an original strand and a newly synthesized complementary strand. This is essential for cell division, ensuring that each daughter cell receives an exact copy of the genetic material.

In contrast, transcription involves synthesizing RNA from a DNA template. Only specific regions of the DNA, corresponding to genes, are transcribed into RNA molecules, which can then be used for protein synthesis. This means that while replication targets the whole DNA molecule, transcription selectively copies only the segments necessary for creating proteins.

Therefore, the correct choice emphasizes that replication produces two identical DNA strands, while transcription specifically produces RNA from a DNA template. This distinction highlights the unique roles and processes of each mechanism within cellular biology.